FMCA Towing Guide: A Comprehensive Plan (Updated 04/22/2026)
FMCA members eagerly anticipate the annual towing guide, typically released in January; however, the 2023 edition’s absence has sparked inquiries regarding its availability and updates.
FMCA’s commitment to safe and informed recreational vehicle travel is exemplified through its comprehensive towing resources. For years, FMCA has been a trusted source for motorhome owners seeking guidance on towing supplemental vehicles – often referred to as “TOADs.” The annual towing guide, a staple in the January FMCA magazine, provides crucial information for those planning to flat tow, use a tow dolly, or employ other towing methods.
Recent discussions within the FMCA RV Forums highlight member reliance on this guide, particularly when considering the purchase of a TOAD vehicle. The guide’s absence in the January 2023 issue has prompted questions about its future availability, underscoring its importance to the RV community. FMCA strives to deliver updated, reliable towing information.
II. Understanding “TOAD” Vehicles
The term “TOAD” – Towed Automobile or Other Device – is commonly used within the RV community to describe a supplemental vehicle towed behind a motorhome. This practice allows travelers to explore destinations without disconnecting and setting up their larger RV. Selecting a suitable TOAD is a critical decision, influencing factors like maneuverability and fuel efficiency.
FMCA’s towing guide assists members in navigating the complexities of TOAD selection and preparation. As noted in recent forum discussions, many RVers are actively researching TOAD options, highlighting the need for clear, concise information regarding compatibility and safe towing practices. Proper preparation is key for a successful journey.
III; Why Use an FMCA Towing Guide?
The FMCA Towing Guide is an invaluable resource for motorhome owners considering towing a supplemental vehicle, offering comprehensive information to ensure safety and compliance. Members rely on this guide, traditionally published in the January FMCA magazine, for up-to-date regulations and best practices.
Recent forum posts demonstrate a strong demand for the guide, particularly as RVers plan to acquire TOADs. The guide addresses critical aspects like vehicle compatibility, braking systems, and legal requirements, minimizing risks and maximizing the enjoyment of travel. It’s a trusted source for informed decision-making.
IV. 2023 & Beyond: Guide Updates & Availability
The anticipated 2023 FMCA Towing Guide experienced a delayed release, prompting questions from members eager to plan for towing a TOAD vehicle. Traditionally featured in the January issue of FMCA magazine, its absence raised concerns among those preparing to purchase a supplemental vehicle.
FMCA members actively discussed the guide’s status on RV forums, highlighting its importance for navigating complex towing regulations. Updates beyond 2023 will continue to reflect evolving state laws and advancements in towing technology, ensuring the guide remains a vital resource for safe and compliant travel.
V. Essential Towing Equipment
Successfully towing a TOAD requires a carefully selected suite of equipment, ensuring both safety and legal compliance. Key components include a robust tow bar, chosen based on vehicle weights and compatibility. A properly installed baseplate is crucial for secure attachment.
Electrical connections, typically 7-way or 6-way, facilitate lighting and charging functions. Most importantly, a supplemental braking system is often legally mandated and dramatically improves stopping performance. Selecting the right equipment is paramount for a worry-free towing experience.
A. Tow Bars: Types & Selection
Tow bars are the fundamental link between your motorhome and TOAD, available in various designs to suit different needs. Fixed-length bars offer simplicity, while adjustable models provide greater flexibility for varying vehicle lengths. Weight ratings are critical; exceeding them compromises safety.
Consider ease of attachment and detachment. Some bars feature integrated lights, streamlining setup. Researching reputable brands and reading reviews is essential before investing. Proper selection ensures a secure and reliable connection for every journey.
B. Baseplates: Installation & Compatibility
Baseplates are crucial for securely attaching the tow bar to your TOAD vehicle, demanding precise installation for optimal safety. Compatibility varies significantly between vehicle makes and models; confirm fitment before purchase. Professional installation is often recommended, ensuring correct alignment and adherence to manufacturer specifications.
Incorrectly installed baseplates can compromise steering and braking, creating hazardous conditions. Regularly inspect baseplate connections for looseness or damage. Choosing a robust, vehicle-specific baseplate is a vital investment in your towing setup’s integrity.
C. Electrical Connections: 7-Way vs. 6-Way
Establishing a reliable electrical connection between your motorhome and TOAD is paramount for safety and functionality. The two primary connector types are 7-way and 6-way, differing in the number of circuits they support. A 7-way connector typically includes provisions for auxiliary power, brake lights, turn signals, and a dedicated 12V charging line.
6-way connectors generally lack the auxiliary power circuit. Determining your TOAD’s electrical requirements and your motorhome’s capabilities will dictate the appropriate connector choice. Proper wiring and secure connections are essential to prevent shorts or malfunctions.
D. Supplemental Braking Systems: Importance & Options
Supplemental braking systems are often legally required and critically important for safe towing, especially with larger TOADs. They assist your motorhome’s brakes, reducing stopping distances and minimizing stress on the drivetrain. Several options exist, including electric, air, and surge brake systems.
Electric brake systems utilize actuators installed on the TOAD, while air brake systems tap into the motorhome’s air supply. Surge brakes activate based on deceleration. Compliance with state laws regarding supplemental braking is crucial for legal and safe travel.
VI. Supplemental Braking System Details
Choosing the right supplemental braking system depends on your TOAD’s weight, type, and your motorhome’s capabilities. Air brake systems are popular for heavier vehicles, utilizing the motorhome’s existing air supply for consistent performance. Electric systems offer flexibility and are suitable for a wider range of TOADs.
Surge brake systems, while less common, activate proportionally to the motorhome’s braking. Proper installation and regular maintenance are vital for all systems to ensure optimal functionality and safety during towing operations.
A. Air Brake Systems for TOADs
Air brake systems for towed vehicles, or “TOADs,” tap into the motorhome’s existing air supply, providing robust and reliable braking assistance. These systems are particularly well-suited for larger, heavier vehicles where consistent braking force is crucial for safety. Installation requires careful attention to detail, ensuring proper connections and leak-free operation.
Regular inspection of air lines, valves, and the braking chamber is essential. Maintaining the correct air pressure and promptly addressing any issues will guarantee optimal performance and peace of mind during your travels.
B; Electric Brake Systems for TOADs
Electric brake systems represent a popular and versatile option for supplementing the braking of towed vehicles. These systems utilize an electric actuator installed on the TOAD, controlled by a brake controller within the motorhome’s cab. Adjusting the controller allows for precise braking force modulation, tailored to the weight and characteristics of the towed vehicle.
Proper wiring and grounding are paramount for reliable operation. Routine checks of the actuator, wiring connections, and controller settings are vital to ensure consistent and effective braking performance on every journey.
C. Surge Brake Systems for TOADs
Surge brake systems operate mechanically, activated by the motorhome’s braking action through a specialized hitch. As the motorhome slows, the hitch compresses, applying the brakes on the towed vehicle proportionally. These systems are often favored for their simplicity and lack of electrical components, reducing potential wiring issues.
Regular inspection of the surge actuator, brake lines, and hitch components is crucial for safe operation. Proper adjustment ensures synchronized braking, preventing jerky movements and maintaining control during towing.
VII. Vehicle Compatibility & Preparation
Ensuring your chosen vehicle is suitable for flat towing is paramount; always consult the vehicle manufacturer’s guidelines for specific recommendations and limitations. Some vehicles require specific preparation, such as unlocking the steering column or placing the transmission in neutral to prevent damage during towing.
Careful consideration of transmission type – automatic versus manual – dictates whether flat towing or the use of a tow dolly is appropriate. Thorough preparation minimizes risks and ensures a smooth, safe towing experience.
A. Determining Towability: Manufacturer Guidelines
The cornerstone of safe towing lies in verifying your vehicle’s towability directly with the manufacturer; Many modern vehicles aren’t designed for flat towing without specific modifications or limitations, potentially causing severe drivetrain damage if ignored.
Owner’s manuals and manufacturer websites are crucial resources. Look for explicit statements regarding flat towing compatibility, including any required procedures like steering column unlocking or transmission settings. Ignoring these guidelines voids warranties and compromises safety.
B. Transmission Considerations: Flat Towing vs. Dolly
The choice between flat towing and using a tow dolly hinges significantly on your TOAD’s transmission type. Vehicles with automatic transmissions often require specific procedures, like placing the transmission in neutral or utilizing a driveshaft disconnect, to prevent internal damage during towing.
Manual transmission vehicles generally offer more straightforward flat towing options, but still necessitate verifying manufacturer recommendations. A tow dolly lifts the TOAD’s driving wheels, bypassing transmission concerns altogether, offering a simpler solution for incompatible vehicles.
C; Steering Considerations: Unlocking the Steering Column
Maintaining control during towing demands careful attention to the TOAD’s steering system. Many vehicles require “unlocking” the steering column to allow free movement, preventing binding and potential damage to the steering components. This typically involves removing the key and turning the ignition to the accessory position, or utilizing a specific steering unlock procedure.
Always consult the TOAD’s owner’s manual for the correct unlocking method. Failure to unlock the steering can lead to dangerous handling characteristics and stress on both vehicles.
VIII. Weight Considerations & Calculations
Safe towing hinges on understanding and respecting weight limits. Exceeding these limits compromises handling, braking, and overall safety. Key terms include Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) – the maximum permissible weight of the motorhome – and Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR), representing the total weight of both vehicles.
Calculating tongue weight, the downward force exerted by the TOAD, is crucial; it should typically be 10-15% of the TOAD’s weight. Accurate calculations and adherence to these ratings are paramount for a secure towing experience.
A. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
The Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) is the maximum operating weight of your motorhome, as specified by the manufacturer. This includes the weight of the chassis, body, engine, accessories, passengers, and cargo. Exceeding the GVWR can lead to serious safety issues, including tire failure and compromised braking performance.
Determining your motorhome’s GVWR is typically found on a sticker located on the driver’s side doorjamb. Always stay within this limit, factoring in the added weight of your TOAD and all associated towing equipment.
B. Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR)
The Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR) represents the maximum permissible weight of your motorhome plus the weight of your towed vehicle (TOAD) and all its contents. This crucial figure, provided by the motorhome manufacturer, ensures safe operation and prevents overloading the vehicle’s systems.
Calculating GCWR requires knowing both your motorhome’s GVWR and the total weight of the TOAD, including passengers and cargo. Never exceed the GCWR, as it can severely impact handling, braking, and overall vehicle stability.
C. Tongue Weight & Its Impact
Tongue weight, though not directly applicable to flat towing, is a critical consideration when using tow bars. It refers to the amount of weight the TOAD exerts downward on the hitch of the motorhome. Proper tongue weight – typically 5-10% of the TOAD’s weight – is essential for stability.
Insufficient tongue weight can cause trailer sway, while excessive weight can overload the hitch. Maintaining the correct balance ensures predictable handling and safe braking performance during travel, contributing to a more secure towing experience.
IX. Legal Requirements & State Laws
Navigating state-specific towing regulations is crucial for FMCA members. Laws vary considerably regarding supplemental braking systems, hitch requirements, and maximum allowable towing weights. Some states mandate auxiliary brakes for all towed vehicles exceeding a certain weight, while others have specific stipulations.
Compliance with these laws avoids potential fines and ensures safe operation. FMCA resources provide guidance, but owners must verify regulations for each state traversed during their journey, prioritizing legal and safe towing practices.
A. State-Specific Towing Regulations
Towing laws are far from uniform across the United States, demanding diligent research from FMCA members. States impose diverse rules concerning maximum vehicle lengths, required safety equipment, and the necessity of supplemental braking systems based on towed weight.
Some states have stringent rules about breakaway systems and electrical connections. Thoroughly understanding these regulations before travel is paramount to avoid legal issues and ensure a safe towing experience. Resources like state transportation websites are invaluable.
B. Brake Buddy & Supplemental Braking Law Compliance
Many states mandate supplemental braking systems when towing a vehicle exceeding a certain weight, and Brake Buddy is a popular choice for compliance. However, simply having a system isn’t always enough; it must meet specific state requirements for activation and functionality.
FMCA members should verify that their chosen supplemental braking system, like Brake Buddy, is approved in each state they plan to travel through. Ignoring these laws can result in fines and potentially compromise safety during emergency braking situations.
X. Safety Checks Before Towing
Prior to embarking on any towing journey, a meticulous pre-trip inspection is paramount for ensuring a safe and trouble-free experience. This comprehensive checklist should encompass verifying proper electrical connections, confirming secure baseplate attachment, and thoroughly inspecting the tow bar for any signs of damage or wear.
Furthermore, checking tire pressure in both the towing vehicle and the TOAD, alongside a full lighting system verification, are crucial steps. Neglecting these checks can lead to unforeseen issues on the road.
A. Pre-Trip Inspection Checklist
A detailed pre-trip inspection is vital before towing. Begin by confirming the baseplate is securely fastened and the tow bar is properly connected, with no loose pins or damaged components. Inspect all electrical connections – 7-way or 6-way – ensuring they are clean and tight.
Next, verify the TOAD’s steering is unlocked and the transmission is in the correct position. Finally, double-check all lights (brake, turn, and running) are functioning correctly on both vehicles before commencing travel.
B. Tire Pressure & Condition
Maintaining correct tire pressure is paramount for safe towing. Before each trip, check the tire pressure on both the motorhome and the TOAD, adhering to the manufacturer’s recommended PSI. Inspect tires for any signs of wear, damage (cuts, bulges), or uneven tread.
Ensure tires have sufficient tread depth for optimal grip. Regularly check for proper inflation, as under or over-inflated tires can significantly impact handling and increase the risk of a blowout during travel.
C. Lighting & Electrical System Verification
A fully functional electrical system is crucial for safe towing operations. Before departure, meticulously verify all lights on the TOAD – brake lights, turn signals, and running lights – are operating correctly and synchronized with the motorhome.
Inspect the 7-way or 6-way connector for any corrosion or damage. Confirm the connection is secure and provides consistent power to the TOAD’s electrical systems, ensuring proper functionality throughout the journey.
XI. Towing Techniques & Best Practices
Mastering proper towing techniques significantly enhances safety and control. Maintain a greater following distance than usual, allowing ample time to react to sudden stops or changes in traffic flow.
When cornering, widen your turning radius to accommodate the increased length of the combined vehicle. Employ smooth, gradual braking to avoid jerking or instability. Consistent practice and awareness are key to confident towing.
A. Safe Following Distance
Maintaining a safe following distance is paramount when towing a TOAD. Increase the gap between your motorhome and the vehicle ahead – a minimum of seven seconds is recommended under ideal conditions.
This extended space provides crucial reaction time for braking and maneuvering, especially considering the added weight and length. Adjust this distance based on weather, road conditions, and traffic density, prioritizing safety above all else during your travels.
B. Cornering & Maneuvering
Cornering and maneuvering a motorhome with a TOAD require deliberate and cautious techniques. Wide turns are essential; anticipate the increased turning radius and swing of the towed vehicle.
Slow down before entering the turn, and avoid sudden steering inputs. Practice in an open area to gain confidence. Be mindful of obstacles and ensure sufficient clearance, especially in tight spaces, to prevent damage to either vehicle.
C. Braking Procedures
Proper braking is paramount when towing a TOAD, demanding a smooth and controlled approach. Anticipate stops well in advance, allowing for the extended stopping distance due to the combined weight.
Apply the brakes gradually and evenly, avoiding sudden or jerky movements. Verify the supplemental braking system is functioning correctly, ensuring the TOAD’s brakes engage proportionally with the motorhome’s. Regular checks are vital for safe and effective stopping power.
XII. Troubleshooting Common Towing Issues
Encountering issues while towing is inevitable; preparedness is key. Electrical problems, like malfunctioning lights, often stem from loose connections – inspect wiring thoroughly. Steering issues might indicate improper unlocking or baseplate misalignment, requiring immediate attention.
Brake system malfunctions demand prompt investigation; ensure supplemental brakes activate correctly. Carry essential tools and a troubleshooting guide. Don’t hesitate to consult FMCA’s technical support or online forums for assistance when facing unfamiliar challenges.
A. Electrical Problems
Electrical issues are frequent towing headaches, often traced to simple causes. Begin by meticulously checking all connections at the motorhome and TOAD, ensuring they’re clean and secure. Blown fuses are common; carry spares of the correct amperage. Inspect the wiring harness for damage – chafing or corrosion can disrupt signals.
Faulty bulbs or a malfunctioning connector can also be culprits. Utilize a test light to pinpoint breaks in the circuit. Remember, proper grounding is crucial for reliable operation of lights and braking systems.
B. Steering Issues
Steering problems while towing demand immediate attention, as they directly impact safety. Verify the TOAD’s steering column is correctly unlocked, allowing it to freely follow the motorhome’s movements. Examine the steering linkage for any looseness or binding. Ensure the baseplate installation hasn’t introduced any restrictions.
Unusual vibrations or pulling sensations suggest a misalignment or mechanical fault. Regularly inspect the steering components for wear and tear. A professional chassis inspection is recommended if issues persist, guaranteeing a safe towing experience.
C. Brake System Malfunctions
Supplemental braking system failures during towing represent a critical safety hazard, requiring swift diagnosis and resolution. Initial checks should confirm proper electrical connections and functionality of the braking unit. Investigate any warning lights or error codes displayed by the system.
Reduced braking force or inconsistent performance indicates a potential issue with the air or electric actuator. Regular maintenance, including fluid checks and pad inspections, is crucial. Seek professional assistance for complex malfunctions to ensure optimal braking performance and safety.
XIII. FMCA Resources & Support
FMCA provides extensive resources for members navigating the complexities of towing. Active FMCA forums and online communities offer invaluable peer-to-peer support, allowing members to share experiences and solutions regarding TOAD vehicles and towing setups.
Dedicated FMCA technical support is available to address specific questions and concerns. Furthermore, FMCA events and rallies frequently feature educational sessions on towing safety and best practices, fostering a collaborative learning environment for all RV enthusiasts.
A. FMCA Forums & Online Communities
FMCA’s online forums are a vibrant hub for RVers seeking towing advice. Members actively discuss TOAD selection, baseplate installation, and supplemental braking systems, creating a wealth of practical knowledge. These online communities provide a platform to ask questions, share experiences, and troubleshoot issues related to motorhome towing.
The forums are particularly useful for discovering real-world insights and solutions, often addressing concerns not covered in official guides. This peer-to-peer support network is a cornerstone of the FMCA experience.
B. FMCA Technical Support
FMCA provides dedicated technical support to assist members with towing-related questions and challenges. This resource offers expert guidance on compatibility, equipment selection, and safe towing practices. Members can access support through various channels, including phone consultations and email correspondence, ensuring personalized assistance.
The technical support team stays current with evolving regulations and best practices, offering reliable advice. This support is invaluable for navigating the complexities of towing and ensuring a safe and compliant setup.
C. FMCA Events & Rallies
FMCA events and rallies present excellent opportunities for hands-on learning and networking related to towing. These gatherings often feature seminars and workshops led by experienced RVers and industry professionals, covering topics from equipment maintenance to safe towing techniques.
Members can connect with fellow enthusiasts, share experiences, and gain valuable insights. Rally demonstrations showcase proper setup procedures and troubleshooting tips, enhancing confidence and safety on the road. It’s a community-focused learning environment.
XIV. Choosing the Right TOAD Vehicle
Selecting a suitable “TOAD” (Towed Vehicle) is crucial for a successful towing experience. Considerations extend beyond simply finding a vehicle that can be flat-towed; fuel efficiency plays a significant role, especially with rising gas prices. Smaller, more maneuverable TOADs are often preferred for navigating tight spaces and urban environments.
Popular models offer a balance of affordability, reliability, and towability. Researching specific vehicle compatibility is essential, ensuring it aligns with your motorhome’s capabilities and your travel needs.
A. Popular TOAD Vehicle Models
Numerous vehicles consistently rank as favorites among FMCA members for flat towing. Jeep Wranglers and Cherokees are renowned for their off-road capability and readily available flat-tow setups. Honda CR-Vs and Toyota RAV4s offer excellent fuel economy and reliability, making them practical choices.
Ford Focus and Chevrolet Spark models are often selected for their compact size and affordability. Thoroughly verify each model’s specific flat-towing requirements with the manufacturer before making a purchase decision.
B. Fuel Efficiency Considerations
Selecting a TOAD vehicle with good fuel economy is crucial for minimizing costs during travel. Smaller, lighter vehicles generally consume less fuel when being towed compared to larger SUVs or trucks. Hybrid vehicles, if flat-tow compatible, can offer significant fuel savings.
Consider the TOAD’s engine size and drivetrain; four-cylinder engines typically outperform larger V6 or V8 options in fuel efficiency. Regularly maintaining the TOAD’s tires and engine also contributes to optimal fuel consumption.
C. Size & Maneuverability
The TOAD’s dimensions significantly impact maneuverability, especially in tight spaces like campgrounds or city streets. Compact cars are easier to navigate than larger vehicles, reducing the risk of collisions or damage. Consider the turning radius and overall length of potential TOADs.
A smaller TOAD simplifies parking and maneuvering through narrow roads. Evaluate how the TOAD’s size complements your motorhome’s dimensions for a balanced and manageable towing experience, ensuring comfortable travel.